🐝 How animals hear
Honeybee hearing range in hertz
Apis mellifera
It can't hear at a distance: it feels the air vibrating with its antennae, centimetres away.
In short
A Honeybee hears from about 10 Hz up to 500 Hz, and the pitch it catches best is near 265 Hz. Animal Ears lets you take any sound of yours and hear it exactly as it would.
A honeybee has no ears like yours and picks up no distant sounds. What it does is feel the air moving, very close by, using fine hairs and a special organ in its antennae. It's tuned between 250 and 300 Hz, which is exactly the buzz a hivemate gives off when performing the ‘waggle dance' to say where the flowers are. It's contact hearing: beyond a few centimetres, there's nothing there for it.
Hertz (Hz)
Which pitches it hears
Hertz count how many times per second a sound vibrates. Few vibrations = low (the rumble of thunder, about 30 Hz). Many vibrations = high (a microwave beeping, about 3,000 Hz). And ‘1 kHz' is just shorthand for 1,000 Hz. You hear, roughly, from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
A low sound rumbles (think thunder); a high sound squeals (think a mosquito). These three numbers mark how far down this animal goes, how far up it goes, and which pitch it hears most clearly of all.
| Lowest it hears | 10 Hz |
|---|---|
| Highest it hears | 500 Hz |
| Hears most clearly | 265 Hz |
| What you hear | 20 Hz – 20 kHz |
Your ears vs a Honeybee's
Yes: it picks up rumbles so deep you would, at most, feel them in your chest, down to about 10 Hz. Your floor is 20 Hz. It does miss the highs you can hear, though: above about 0.5 kHz there is nothing left for it.
Audiogram
| Hertz (Hz) | Hearing threshold |
|---|---|
| 10 Hz | 40 dB |
| 30 Hz | 28 dB |
| 100 Hz | 15 dB |
| 200 Hz | 6 dB |
| 265 Hz | 3 dB |
| 300 Hz | 4 dB |
| 350 Hz | 9 dB |
| 450 Hz | 20 dB |
| 500 Hz | 30 dB |
Near-field (air-particle velocity, NOT pressure) hearing via Johnston's organ; tuned to ~250–300 Hz waggle-dance sound at close range. Detection-band-derived; dB relative/approximate.
Can a Honeybee hear things you can't?
A Honeybee picks up everything from 10 Hz (the deepest) to 500 Hz (the highest), and hears best around 265 Hz.
Yes: it picks up rumbles so deep you would, at most, feel them in your chest, down to about 10 Hz. Your floor is 20 Hz. It does miss the highs you can hear, though: above about 0.5 kHz there is nothing left for it.
Frequently asked questions
What sounds can a Honeybee hear?
A Honeybee picks up everything from 10 Hz (the deepest) to 500 Hz (the highest), and hears best around 265 Hz.
Can a Honeybee hear things you can't?
Yes: it picks up rumbles so deep you would, at most, feel them in your chest, down to about 10 Hz. Your floor is 20 Hz. It does miss the highs you can hear, though: above about 0.5 kHz there is nothing left for it.
How does Animal Ears make a sound like a Honeybee would hear it?
Scientists have measured, pitch by pitch, the quietest volume at which a Honeybee starts to hear each sound. We take that curve and apply it to your recording like a giant equaliser: we turn up the pitches the animal hears beautifully and turn down or remove the ones that simply don't exist for it. The result gets close to what it would notice... but it still arrives through your ears.
Hertz (Hz)
Hertz count how many times per second a sound vibrates. Few vibrations = low (the rumble of thunder, about 30 Hz). Many vibrations = high (a microwave beeping, about 3,000 Hz). And ‘1 kHz' is just shorthand for 1,000 Hz. You hear, roughly, from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Infrasound
Sounds so deep your ears no longer register them: below about 20 Hz. Rather than hearing them, you'd feel a tremor in your chest, like a heavy lorry going past. Elephants and pigeons do sense them, even from miles away.
Where these numbers come from
- Towne, W.F. & Kirchner, W.H. (1989). Hearing in honey bees: detection of air-particle oscillations. Science, 244, 686–688. doi:10.1126/science.244.4905.686
- Tsujiuchi, S. et al. (2007). Dynamic range compression in the honey bee auditory system. PLoS ONE, 2(2), e234. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000234
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